Free Speech in Cyberspace :: Technology Internet Computer Essays

Free Speech in Cyberspace ABSTRACT: Reno v. ACLU, the 1997 landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court providing sweeping protection to speech on the Internet, is usually discussed in terms of familiar First Amendment issues. Little noticed in the decision is the significance of the ontological assumptions of the justices in their first visit to cyberspace. I analyze the apparent awareness of the Supreme Court of ontological issues and problems with their approaches. I also argue that their current ontological assumptions have left open the door to future suppression of free speech as the technology progresses. Ontology is significant because zoning in the physical world has long been recognized as a way to segregate "adult" entertainment from minors. So far, at least, the justices seem to agree that such zoning is not possible in cyberspace, and therefore that adult zones for certain forms of expression are not possible. But this conclusion is far from settled. The degree of free speech on the Inter net in the future will depend on whether or not our ontological understanding of cyberspace supports such zoning or renders it incoherent or impossible. Reno v. ACLU is the 1997 landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court providing sweeping free speech protection on the Internet. Understandably, commentators from legal and political spheres have discussed the case in terms of familiar First Amendment issues, including precedents from telecommunications law, the long-recognized exception to free speech for "obscenity," and concern for the exposure of children to inappropriate materials. Little noticed in the decision is the significance of the ontological assumptions of the justices in their first visit to cyberspace. I will analyze their apparent awareness of ontological issues and problems with their approaches. I also will argue that their current ontological assumptions might have left open the door to future suppression of free speech as the technology progresses. How do ontological assumptions open the door to censorship? Zoning in the physical world has long been established as a way to segregate "adult" entertainment from minors, as with the creation of adult book store and entertainment zones. So far, at least, most of the justices seem to agree that such zoning is not possible in cyberspace, and, therefore, that adult zones for certain forms of expression are not possible either. But this conclusion is far from settled. The degree of free speech on the Internet in the future will depend on whether or not our ontological understanding of cyberspace supports such zoning or renders it incoherent and thus impossible.

Admission Essay for Counseling Psychology Program

My country, Serbia, underwent a period of terror and wars, especially during the NATO Bombing in 1999. This marking event in our history taught me more than what my formal education could. Before this disaster struck, I was a full-time student and the University of Pristina majoring in English Language and Literature. During the high of political upheavals, the situation in Kosovo was already tense.Minorities had constant provocations, and hatred had a firm imprint on the people. My life was heavily influenced, as well as my education. I had experienced first hand what it means to be â€Å"persona non grate† in the your childhood community.I wished everyone could understand what this meant for all of us, regardless of who we were and where we came from. Being prosecuted and not having the right to enjoy our college days was a sour memory, but something I live by as a source of my strength. I experienced biases and prejudice, yet I stand firm.I was treated badly, but my dreams never blurred from my sight. I was emotionally affected, but I was more inspired to pursue these dreams, and become a counselor. Freedom in this country was taken for granted, and our college life overlooked.The war made it necessary for me to leave Pristina and Kosovo. Shocked and scared, I came back to a home where fires, bombings and NATO planes assailed my daily itinerary. The screeching sirens did not help our situation. It seemed that we merely waited for the bomb to drop on our heads and defy us from mere existence.During all the madness, I tried to suppress my stress by being optimistic for my family and friends.   As a child, I have been my family's â€Å"corrupter of words†, as I've always seen myself as one of Shakespeare’s fools. My mom always pointed out my ability to rearrange words and it's meanings to create a personal â€Å"philosophical† statement.I would often add humor when the our lives would seem bland, other times when we feel the panic crawling through our bones, and fear completely etching our faces. The bombings taught us this.As you watch the planes every day, you'd get to realize that there are things you can do as not to be so stressed. Since we could not prevent the many disasters in our lives, we can re-frame the fear and pain to something more positive. The idea was to live your life as normally as possible, by teaching yourself to be blind of some of the negative events in our lives.It wasn't all that bad during those terrifying days. There were positive outcomes as well, like in social gatherings where the unique humor and spirit in my culture gave me a good faith and optimism to survive next days. If I couldn’t eliminate stress by changing or ignoring the situation, the least I could do was offer social support.My profound interest in teaching English to people of different languages didn’t falter due to the war. It allowed me to complete my education on time, and start my career as an Eng lish teacher. In the classroom, it is particularly important for me to understand the point of view of the student, and use humor and real-life situations to get my points across.I developed my interest in researching about language through my undergraduate studies. My greater interest is on how sociocultural factors have an impact on the awareness, design, implementation, and assessment of a second language in a multicultural community, in comparison to those in culturally homogeneous communities.ESL classes in Serbia were more British oriented, both in linguistics and culture. As a young teacher, I have always been open to new teaching methods. I also tried to add novelties into the curriculum. My decision to spend a year in the United States was supported by my desire to learn more about the American culture.I believe this will broaden my perspectives on cultural diversity and different systems of education. Furthermore, this will heighten my personal and professional development . I can say that life can be very unpredictable because my one year visit become a life of adventure and possibilities by studying psychology.You would know if you are experiencing life if the wind pushes you in all directions. My senses were surrounded with uncertainty as I involved myself in a different culture. I knew how it felt to be a little fish in a big pond. Being an international student from Eastern Europe did not prepare me for the many interesting things a new country can offer me.The initial knowledge gained from textbooks, and the places I've traveled to see, were put to waste as I stepped onto unknown territory. I felt helpless, and wanted desperately to go home. I could have been with my family, a cup of cappuccino and the newspaper within my grasps. However, even though I experienced culture shock, I believe hands-on education is still the best teacher.Soon after arriving in a new country, I was caught between my old values from my native culture, and the new value s of the host culture. I was pressured to adapt in order to survive. Adjusting to a new culture, new system, and new life, was not an easy task. But my ability to adapt allowed me to face any obstacle. My goals were always set whenever I face any challenge. I never let my self-esteem falter.I love to feel challenged because it makes me work twice as hard. I proved this by obtaining my second undergraduate degree (BA in Liberal Arts/Psychology) and graduating with the highest honors.   I always tried to reach for the stars.   But the opposite side of the coin is nostalgia. Something that is present when I am working, studying, eating, and even when sleeping.Being an international student among fellow foreigners in the US made me realize how much social support and understanding was necessary to challenge and achieve academically in other countries. By considering the problems students have in the US, and by developing different approaches and solutions, I believe I can be a great counselor in a multicultural world. Just by the thought of it made me eager to learn more, and increase the repertoire of counseling styles and skills alongside others.During my senior year of college, I conducted an extensive literature review on â€Å"psychosocial adjustment issues of international students and the need for social support†. I refined my research skills in data analysis using SPSS, as well as my ability to present my findings in the manner of an accepted professional research paper.I enjoyed conducting the literature review the most, approaching it as a scavenger hunt and considering the quantity and quality of information found as my reward. This project, along with my other undergraduate studies, prepared me for the rigors of graduate study and the parameters of successful research. Professional experiences, research, and undergraduate courses at Menlo College have further stimulated my interest in psychology and reinforced my conviction that I am well su ited to the field.Although these varied research experiences have provided me with fundamental skills, I still feel the need for more training. In retrospect, college was one of the most stimulating periods in my life, and I found tremendous determination to achieve my goal of helping others through the study of psychology.Looking from the prospective of a student gave me more retrospection on my teaching profession, which I love so much.   However, life is an intriguing railroad with many stations.   Some of those stations I got off at were good experiences and some bad. But over all, it has been a journey that continues on.Helping others reach their goals, having a positive attitude, and dedicating both personal and professional growth were the traits I held when I entered Menlo College.   They remain as an integral part of my work ethic today.My international student experience, and many research projects, have helped me achieve a theoretical foundation for the important wo rk of helping students succeed in college. We must have an understanding and compassion for diverse student populations. I learned this from the years of teaching experience. Furthermore, I am able to demonstrate my strengths and abilities to relate effectively with individuals from all levels and cultural backgrounds.These experiences have not only taught me valuable lessons about student life, but have also reinforced my interest in pursuing my career in counseling psychology. Graduate school will enable me to develop vital research and counseling skills, and the solid academic background that I need to be a successful counselor and researcher.A master's program in counseling psychology will not only cultivate and refine my involvement in research, but also equip me to deal with the challenges of an MS program. The combination of MFT and my counseling degree will enable me to fulfill my career aspirations and passion for helping students in need. Furthermore, I can prepare myself in facing the complexity of psychotherapy and unpredictability when dealing with emotional issues of individuals and their families.I have all the traits needed to be a good counselor. Undoubtedly, my devotion to my education will be the greatest asset of all. Being able to successfully help   individuals in the future will be my greatest reward for the effort and investment I will put myself into

The Career Of A Police Officer - 1919 Words

According to Earl Warren â€Å" The police must obey the law while enforcing the law.† Which means that the police have a strict policy they need to follow to not get in trouble themselves. The career of a police officer is dangerously attractive, because of the adrenaline rush you get when you are faced with danger. Also the unknown challenges you can face that change from day to day. The research will describe the career of a police officer, what is required to become a successful police officer and the impact that police officers have on society. The development of policing of today in the United States, closely followed the development of policing in England. In the early colonies, policing took two forms. It was both informal and communal, which was referred to as the â€Å"Watch†. Then the private-for-profit policing which was called â€Å"The Big Stick†. The Watch system was composed of community volunteers Whose primary duty was to warn of impending dang er. Boston created a night watch in 1636, New York in 1658 and Philadelphia in 1700. The night watch was not a particularly effective crime control device. Watch men often slept or drank on duty. While the Watch was theoretically voluntary, many â€Å"volunteers† were simply attempting to evade military service. They were conscript forced into service by their town, or were performing watch duties as a form of punishment. Which means that the Watch system that was created at that time was not very effective. Three compellingShow MoreRelatedThe Career Of A Police Officer1938 Words   |  8 PagesThe police must obey the law while enforcing the law. Which means that the police have a strict policy they need to follow to not get in trouble themselves. The career of a police officer is dangerously attractive, because of the adrenaline rush you get when you are faced with danger. Also the unknown challenges you can face that change from day to day. The research will describe the career of a police officer, what is required to become a successful police officer and the impact that police officersRead MoreEssay A Career as a Police Officer1106 Words   |  5 Pages It would be fulfilling to be a police officer because police officers help people in the community and keep it safe. They also enforce the law. They are the reason why people can live their lives in peace. If there is anyone in the community that citizens can trust it would be the police officers. Police officers have to accomplish many things in their workday. (Career Cruising.com) They have to write detailed reports and fill out forms.(Career Cruising.com) They are responsible for makingRead More The Career of a Police Officer Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesThe Career of a Police Officer With many people going to school to become police officers it is important to know exactly what the job is about and the effects it has on a person. Many people think it is just sitting in your car and giving speeding tickets. In fact there are many life threatening things that occur while a person is on the job many of which can cause a severe amount of stress. Stress on the job can cause a person to become severely depressed and cause ones home life to fallRead MoreMy Career Of Police Officer1062 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome a police officer. It is not easy to be being police officer because it may result in dangerous situation in police career. But, I don’t care about these things because if people want to become what they want to become in their career, they don’t have to give up in that career. There are no always good chances come in your way. I have mostly inspired by other police because in my family and relatives, nobody became an interest in police. When I walk through the road, I see police helping peopleRead MoreThe Career Profession Of A Police Officer Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe career profession that I want to become is a Police Officer. Police Officers protect life and property, keep the peace, prevent crime and maintain the public in order through the application of the law. I first knew that I wanted to become a Police Officer when I was 13 years old. My 8th grade teacher told us to research the career we wanted to do when we grow up and I didn’t know what I wanted to be. So I started by search online but nothing interested me then my aunt told me to interview herRead MoreThe Best Career Choice For A Police Officer1141 Words   |  5 Pagesof my police officers is in trouble. The career I have chosen is police officer. A police officer is someone who enforces laws to protect others. This career interests me because I like a good challenge and I like to help people. Whether it’s unlocking someone’s car for them or protecting people and their property, this sounds like the job for me. After looking at the education and the training needed, important qualities needed and the salary and job outlook, I decided this is the best career choiceRead MoreCareer Research Paper : Police Officers763 Words   |  4 PagesMr. Decker Government 7 October 2015 Period 4 Career Research Paper Police officers are responsible for protecting people and property. Related job titles include Sheriffs and sheriffs deputy, detectives, and state police officers. However all of these job titles have similar duties for example they are all responsible for the protection of people and property. These job titles might be very similar but they do differ in many ways. Police officers patrol the city issuing citations keeping theRead MoreChoosing A Career Path Of Becoming A Police Officer939 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing a career path in law enforcement can be exciting yet challenging. It takes incredible focus and intestinal fortitude for any man or woman to wake up daily knowing that their life is on the line the moment that they step out of their home. Police officers deal with drunk drivers, speed demons, and many unforeseen wildcard situations when they come across ordinary citizens that are just having a bad day. Many of these officers handle said situations with tremendous gumption. But there areRead MoreThe Career I Chose A Canine Police Officer2303 Words   |  10 Pages The career I chose was a Canine Police Officer. I chose to be a Canine Police Officer because I could help the community be a better and safer place. After some Canine Police Officers conducted a demonstration at a camp that I attended, I thought it would be a great job to have. They showed us some of the commands. The Canine Police Officers also showed how the dog would attack and hold onto the suspect. The Canine Police Officers also said that some of the commands are in a different languageRead MoreMy New Career Choice Becoming A Police Officer1242 Words   |  5 Pagesquickly realized how invasive and cruel politics can be to people, not just candidates but to voters. For this reason, my focus shifted to becoming a police officer. However, after finding out that I have fibromyalgia a couple years before that, I realized it was going to be extremely difficult for me to be at 100% as a police officer. My new career choice became business analytics. My goal is to get a degree in business analytics so that I can get help businesses like Microsoft impact lives of millions

What Black Hollywood Says About the Oscars

The Academy Awards is one of the biggest nights of the year in Hollywood, but something is often lacking: diversity. The nominees are often dominated by white actors and directors and this did not go unnoticed in minority communities. In 2016, many African Americans chose to boycott the ceremony and, because of that, the Academy has made vowed to make changes. What spurred this movement and what did black actors have to say about it? More importantly, have there been any modifications to the voting process since then? The Oscars Boycott Actress Jada Pinkett Smith called for a boycott of the 2016 Oscars on January 16 because each of the 20 nominations in the acting categories went to white actors. It marked the second year in a row that no people of color received Oscar acting nods, and the hashtag #OscarsSoWhite trended on Twitter. Supporters of actors like Idris Elba and Michael B. Jordan felt particularly slighted that these men weren’t honored for their performances in â€Å"Beasts of No Nation† and â€Å"Creed,† respectively. Film fans also argued that directors of both films—men of color—deserved nods. The former film’s director, Cary Fukunaga, is half-Japanese, while the latter film’s director, Ryan Coogler, is African American. As she called for an Oscars boycott, Pinkett Smith said, â€Å"At the Oscars†¦people of color are always welcomed to give out awards†¦even entertain.  But we are rarely recognized for our artistic accomplishments. Should people of color refrain from participating altogether?† She wasn’t the only African American actor to feel this way. Other entertainers, including her husband, Will Smith, joined her in the boycott. Some also pointed out that the film industry generally needs a diversity overhaul. Here’s what black Hollywood had to say about the Oscars’ race problem. The Oscars Aren’t the Problem Viola Davis has never been one to hold back when discussing social issues such as race, class,  and gender. She spoke about the lack of opportunities for actors of color when she made history in 2015 by becoming the first African American to win an Emmy for best actress in a drama. Asked about the lack of diversity among the 2016 Oscar nominees, Davis said the issue went beyond the Academy Awards. â€Å"The problem is not with the Oscars, the problem is with the Hollywood movie-making system,† Davis said. â€Å"How many black films are being produced every year? How are they being distributed? The films that are being made—are the big-time producers thinking outside of the box in terms of how to cast the role? Can you cast a black woman in that role? Can you cast a black man in that role? †¦You can change the Academy, but if there are no black films being produced, what is there to vote for?† Boycott Films That Don’t Represent You Much like Davis, Whoopi Goldberg blamed the all-white 2016 Oscar nominees in acting on the film industry rather than the Academy. â€Å"The issue is not the Academy,† remarked Goldberg on ABC’s â€Å"The View,† which she co-hosts. â€Å"Even if you fill the Academy with black and Latino and Asian members, if there’s no one on the screen to vote for, you’re not going to get the outcome that you want.† Goldberg, who won an Oscar in 1991, said that for actors of color to land more prominent roles in films, directors and producers must be diversity-minded. They must recognize that films with no cast members of color miss the mark. â€Å"You wanna boycott something?† she asked viewers. â€Å"Don’t go see the movies that don’t have your representation. That’s the boycott you want.† Not About Me Will Smith acknowledged that the fact he didn’t earn a nomination for his role in â€Å"Concussion† might have contributed to his wife’s decision to boycott the Oscars. But the twice-nominated actor insisted that this was far from the only reason Pinkett Smith chose to boycott. â€Å"Had I been nominated and no other people of color were, she would have made the video anyway,† Smith told ABC News. â€Å"We’d still be here having this conversation. This is so deeply not about me. This is about children that are going to sit down and they’re going to watch this show and they’re not going to see themselves represented.† Smith said that it feels like the Oscars are heading in â€Å"the wrong direction,† as the Academy is overwhelmingly white and male and, thus, doesn’t reflect the country. â€Å"We make movies, it’s not that serious, except that it plants seeds for dreams,† Smith said. â€Å"There’s a disharmony that is brewing in our country and in our industry that I want no part to that. †¦Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Listen, we need a seat in the room; we don’t have a seat in the room, and that’s what is most important.† Its also interesting to note that Smith has received two Oscar nominations in his career. One was for Ali (2001) and the other for The Pursuit of Happyness (2006). Will Smith has never won an Oscar. Academy Not the Real Battle Filmmaker and actor Spike Lee announced on Instagram that he would sit out the Oscars, despite winning an honorary Oscar in 2015. â€Å"How is it possible for the second consecutive year all 20 contenders under the actor category are white? And let’s not even get into the other branches. Forty white actors and no flava [sic] at all. We can’t act?! WTF!!† Lee then cited the words of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.: â€Å"There comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular, but he must take it because conscience tells him it’s right.† But like Davis and Goldberg, Lee said that the Oscars weren’t the source of the real battle. That battle is â€Å"in the executive office of the Hollywood studios and TV and cable networks,† he said. â€Å"This is where the gatekeepers decide what gets made and what gets jettisoned to ‘turnaround’ or scrap heap. People, the truth is we ain’t in those rooms and until minorities are, the Oscar nominees will remain lily white.† A Simple Comparison Chris Rock, the host of the 2016 Oscars, gave a succinct but telling response about the diversity controversy. After the nominations were released, Rock took to Twitter to say, â€Å"The #Oscars. The White BET Awards.† The After Effects Following the backlash in 2016, the Academy did make changes and the 2017 Oscar nominees did include people of color. They have taken steps to add diversity to their Board of Governors and vowed to include more women and minorities among its voting members 2020. Moonlight, with its African American cast took home  the honor of best picture in 2017 and actor Mahershala Ali won best supporting actor. He was also the first Muslim actor to ever win an Oscar. Viola Davis took best supporting actress for her role in Fences and Troy Maxson was nominated in the lead role for the same movie. For the 2018 Oscars, the biggest news was that Jordan Peele received a best director nomination for Get Out. He is only the fifth African-American in Academy history to receive this honor. Overall, it seems that the Academy heard the passionate voices and has made steps toward progress. Whether or not we will see another #OscarsSoWhite trend, only time will tell. There is also a conversation about expanding the diversity beyond African Americans and hopes that more Latinos, Muslims, and actors of other minorities can be well-represented as well. As the stars have noted, Hollywood needs to change as well. The 2018 release of Black Panther and its predominantly African American cast, was quite the buzz. Many people have said that its more than a movie, its a movement.

Demographic Transition Model Essay - 1439 Words

Part A) Demographic Transition Model 1) †¢ In Stage one, birth and death rates high, but have a low total population due to the high death rates. †¢ In Stage two, the birth rates take a very minor dip in the graph, but maintains its birth rate. The death rate is decreasing due to increasing amounts of knowledge towards medicine as time goes by. The total population is increasing due to the death rates decreasing. †¢ In Stage three, the total population is increasing at a greater rate than in the previous stages. The birth rates and death rates are decreasing because of many factors in society, but the most prevalent factor is due to the increase use of birth control. †¢ In Stage four, the population is increasing, and is soon approaching†¦show more content†¦This Pyramid is similar to Stable Pyramids, but has a lower birth and death rate. Contracting Pyramids have slightly longer life expectancies, and has an older average population in comparison to the Stable Pyramid. Part D - Population Distribution, Consumption and Sustainability a) At the current world population growth rate, I believe there won t be sufficient resource to help support this rate due to limited resources such as water, farming area, housing, etc with our current technology. However, I do believe that after a breakthrough in technology, there would be more population growth in the world, but would slowly come to a point where it simply can’t sustain any more and this cycle would go on until technology stops advancing. It is difficult to maintain this at a constant rate without decreases at any point with the expanding number of people while Earth has only finite resources. Theoretically though, if we were to able to constantly increase efficiency with our land space, and colonize other planets, the population of the human species would always increase. b) The world population is not equally distributed. There are few countries that have high population densities. Places situated on the coast have good climate conditions for vegetation, which is the reason why there are usually high population densities situated on the coastline in population density geographical maps. c) There are many key things that determine population density in a certain area.Show MoreRelatedDemographic Transition Model Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesDemographic Transition Model The Demographic Transition Model is defined as the historical birth and death rates throughout the years. In the late 1700s, death percentages decreased due to the fact of the rise of new technology and the change of living habits such as sanitation and a healthier way of living. The change that had occurred had brought forth global observation; the reason being is that life expectancy was becoming longer. Within this change, a graph was created called the DemographicRead MoreDemecology – the Ecology of Populations1574 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ecology of populations The main idea: Note how mathematical models are used to examine variation in growth of a population. Lecture outline: 1. Statistic and dynamic characteristics of population. 2. Growth curves patterns: J-shaped curve and S-shaped curve 3. Population regulation: Density-dependent and density-independent factors. 4. Human population patterns: - Population numbers. - Demographic transition and structure - Population urbanization 1. Statistic andRead MoreEconomic Factors That Affect Population Growth1676 Words   |  7 PagesA Discussion of the Economic Factors that Affect Population Growth in Dubai This essay forms a discussion about the economic factors that affect population growth, in Dubai. According to McGinley (2013), there are two factors that contribute to population growth: high birth rates and immigration into a country. Births add more people to the country’s total population, thus increasing the total population. Deaths, on the other hand, reduce the population size, thus decreasing the total populationRead MorePostmodernism Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagessociety views changed from modernism to postmodernism this shook the structure of brand identity. There was a shift in the demographics of their customers, instead of a company just being a business that customers buy from, the customers have become â€Å"stakeholders† in the company and their brand identity. This is known as the shift from ‘live to consume’ to ‘consume to live’. This essay will analyze the process of branding and how postmodernism changed from ‘Live t o Consume’ to ‘Consume to Live’, why andRead MoreChallenge of Ageing Population3240 Words   |  13 PagesChallenge of Ageing Population Synopsis: The ageing of the population has become on of the major talking points of modern economics and its implications for world growth in the future. This essay examines the causes of the demographic shift by focusing on the changes in mortality and fertility experienced by the developed and developing world. It then attempts to answer some of the questions about the economic implications of ageing populations, including implications for future economic growthRead MoreThe Effect Of Population Growth On Solow Growth Model1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of population growth on Solow Growth model I. Introduction In order to study the economic growth, many economists had established a large number of economic growth model. In 1948, Roy Forbes Harrod (an economist in UK) and Evsey David Domar (the economists in US) propounded a economic growth model together. It called Harrod-Domar Growth Model. But Some Western scholars believe Harrod-Domar Growth Model overly pessimistic. And it does not fit the fact of the development of capitalismRead MoreMy Experience At Birney Elementary School1049 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Fieldwork Reflective Essay Spending time in Ms. Gibson’s 1st grade class at Birney Elementary School in the Long Beach Unified School District presented many fascinating learning opportunities. Prior to my experience at this school, review of the STAR report and the School Accountability Report provided interesting background information on the school. While background information set a certain expectation at a school level, it did not offer any insight into my classroom experience. ConsequentlyRead MoreMiley Cyrus : A Modern Society Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagestext did not leave her with much room to be controversial or different, as she was tied down by a massive contract without which her status would decrease significantly. At this primary point in her career, Miley Cyrus was considered to be a role model for teenagers across the country, surrounding her with pressures to act near-perfect, embodying the all-American, relatable image that girls everywhere could look up to and imitate. Miley Cyrus’s previous star text was generally received in a positiveRead MoreThe Formation of In-groups1423 Words   |  6 Pagesof Prejudice (1954). The purpose of the article is to inform the audience that in-groups are everywhere and identity is based on our in-groups. This essay is an excerpt from the book The Nature of Prejudice in 1954 and is a credible source because the principles Allport discussed are still studied by psychologists and researchers today. In the essay, Allport speaks of reference groups and how it relates to in-groups. According to Allport reference groups are the group that an individual wishes toRead MoreThe Relevance of Maps in Natural and Human Sciences1260 Words   |  5 Pagesonto paper, used to further explain, describe and simplify information. It can be in the form of a model, a diagram or an actual map showing features of the earth. When my Geography teacher in Form 4 taught the class about Population, we couldn’t really grasp the concept of how to determine the stages of countries in terms of their birth rate and death rate, so he used the Demographic Transition Model that shows the stages of birth rate and death rate as well as population growth of countries to further

Further Challenges Australian Consumer Law -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Further Challenges Australian Consumer Law? Answer: Introducation https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/movingPuxu case was different from TPG advertising because the claim of misleading conduct rested solely on the fact that the appellant sold goods that looked identical to the ones sold by the respondent. On this particular case, the Court examined whether Puxu breached the Trade Practices Act 1974(Cth) as well as the Australian Consumer law by selling a misleading and a deceptive product. Through the majority, the Court found out that a reasonable purchaser would pay attention to the brand, label and the mark of the furniture before making their decision to buy and avoid being misled by the similarities exemplified by the rival products. This was a great contrast to TPG form of advertisement which targeted the potential consumers who had the intention of buying the product. In this case, the potential consumers were much interested with the subject matter of PTGs advertisement and a misleading advertisement was an intrusion of their consciou sness which had ability to lead the consumer to an error. If I was employed in a marketing section of an internet service provider and a fitness center I would advise the company to either conduct different form of advertisements and pricing for the two services offered or conduct a comprehensive advertisement that comprises of the combined pricing for the internet service plus the fitness center to avoid misleading the consumers on the price. For consumers who prefer accessing only one of the services, then I would advise that the company set sole pricing for each service to avoid creating confusion that would lead to a probable exploitation of the consumers in terms of the prices of the services. References Pearson, G., 2017. Further challenges for Australian consumer law. In Consumer Law and Socioeconomic Development (pp. 287-305). Springer, Cham. Corones, S.G., Christensen, S.A. and Howell, N., 2016. Submission to Australian Consumer Law Review Issues Paper. -toward-a-dynamic-temporal-framework

Markteting Distribution Channel of Ceat Tyres free essay sample

Tyre Production aggregates over 7. 6 million tyres per annum. Ceat produces Tyres for 3 different markets 1. OEM 2. Replacement tyres and 3. Exports. For the purpose of this project we are limiting ourselves to studying the distribution of the â€Å"Replacement tyres† market only. The reason is that tyres are sold to OEM’s follow the B2B sales process hence they do not require an elaborate distribution network. Also tyres that are exported use the distribution network of some other company. Hence the most challenging Sales and Distribution network is developed for the Replacement Market. The analytical Framework detailing how the variables affect Sales and Distribution of tyres has been developed for Truck Tyres. The reason being that, buying behavior is different across the Truck, Bus, Passenger Vehicle, 23 wheeler segments. Also â€Å"Truck tyres† is the largest customer segment for any tyre company accounting for more than 50% of the tyre sales. Clearing and forwarding agents (CFAs) are attached to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Markteting Distribution Channel of Ceat Tyres or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Often the largers regions have 2 or 3 or more CFA’s to cover the region properly. The total number of CFA’s across the country is 112. The basic operating structure of the Ceat Ltd comprises of the following entities: _ Factory _ DDC _ RDC _ CFA _ Dealers CEAT has three level distribution structure. The factory supplies goods to the RDCs (Regional Distribution Centers) and from these RDCs the goods are transferred to CFAs (Carrying and Forwarding Agents) which act as godowns for distribution to the dealers. There is only one DDC (Divisional Distribution Centre) this is at Nashik and is used for Storage and Assembly of tyres, Tubes and Flaps from the Nashik plant. RDCs are the mother godowns for storage of goods. The tyres, tubes and flaps are transported to these from factories. The set is formed at RDCs and strapped. The tube is inflated before transportation to RDCs. The Dispatch challans are issued to the transporters. In some cases, the RDCs are required to supply the goods directly to the dealers and invoice them in the required format. Ceat has recently shifted from the DDC structure wherein it had 7 DDC’s to the RDC structure, however this structure is proving inefficient from the operating cost point of view. The inventory cost has shot up and availability has suffered. The amount of safety stock in the system has also gone up. Hence Ceat is about to shift back to the DDC structure over a one year period. CFAs are the smaller godowns which pull the goods from the RDCs. They transfer the goods to the dealers and an invoice needs to be generated. The CFAs pull the goods from RDCs according to demand. These CFAs then distribute the goods to the dealers. The Dealers are of three types 1. Tyre retailers: These are usually multi-brand tyre dealers. They stock many brands of tyres for a particular segment of customers. These can further be divided into Truck Dealers and Non-Truck dealers. 2. Trader Dealers: These dealers are used typically to ensure upcountry coverage where the company distribution network is absent. These dealers have their shops in upcountry locations or sell to other dealers in upcountry locations and thus enhance the distribution reach of the company. They purchase tyres in bulk and often avail of the Turn over discounts. 3. Ceat Shoppe: Ceat shoppe is a retail outlet where only ceat tyres are sold. This is used mainly for passenger car and 2 wheeler tyre sales. The customers get a range of tyres and advise about selecting the right tyre while purchasing from here. They also get a very good after sales service. The region under each regional office is divided into sales territories that are handled by the territory leaders. The Sales in the region are headed by the Regional Manager. The territory leader caters to all the tyre dealers present in his sales territory. However in the Mumbai Regional Office no territories have been given and TL’s are allowed to go anywhere in Mumbai and develop their dealers. This is so because when the Mumbai RO was formed most of the dealers in the region were loyal to MRF and hence it was important to convert as many as possible. The responsibilities of the RO include: 1. Controlling administration of office. 2. Handling of day to day work like administration, cash, sales/stock operations/M IS legal formalities. 3. Reviews with sales field staff. 4. Review of commercial control. 5. Compiling of data received from the CFA. 6. Maintenance Reconciliation of stocks accounts. . To cover the upcountry sales, apart from the trader dealers, Ceat also has appointed area managers in important upcountry areas. Sales associates work under the area managers and are responsible for all the dealers in a given territory in the upcountry market. However the upcountry market is a challenge as the company does not have a CFA over there and availability is always an issue due to the remoteness of the region. The Territory leaders are given a travel plan which has been decided onsidering the best coverage and lowest cost and journey cycle. Attached below is a sample travel plan: Problems with existing structure: 1. The productivity of sales fleet is the lowest for CEAT ,it is primarily because the territories have been defined in the past which don’t cater to the needs of the present scenario 2. TL’s focus is on major towns and while traveling from one big town to o ther the smaller towns get neglected which affects the sales. 3. As major dealers are in big towns with higher market potential, cost cutting while selling tyres is done. Hence the employee cost/sales is high. In comparison MRF is already the market leader. MRF sets trends in the tyre industry and employees would like to work for MRF just for the brand name that the company has generated over the years in the Tyre industry. Hence the salaries at MRF are comparatively low. Hence the employee cost/sales is low. The selling expenses per unit sales for Ceat are about 0. 085 which is significantly higher than MRF. Even with respect to market spend per unit of sales, Ceat spends more than MRF. 1 This shows that MRF has a better brand pull than Ceat. Lower brand pull of Ceat results in the following: Ceat has to give higher margins to its dealers. Typically MRF gives 1% Turnover discount to the dealers while Ceat gives 2. 5% or more. Lower brand pull also translates into higher selling expenses for Ceat. The amount of BTL advertising required for Ceat is significantly higher. Also the number of promotions, demonstrations and service camps that Ceat has to conduct is significantly higher. MRF being an established brand has developed excellent relations with its dealers and customers over the years and hence does not require spending the same amount as Ceat.