Should Competition Take Place in Healthcare Research Paper

Should Competition Take Place in Healthcare - Research Paper Example Then again, numerous others contend that no isolation is important for medicinal services industry from different enterprises and rivalry may expand the nature of the social insurance administrations and items delivered.â Michael Porter and Elizabeth Teisberg in 2004, contended that â€Å"competition happens at an inappropriate level in the medicinal services industry: the degree of wellbeing plans, systems, and clinic groups† rather than â€Å"level of finding and treatment of individuals’ diseases† (Enthoven and Tollen, 2005). For instance, the medical coverage area in America is ruled by private individuals despite the fact that administrative mediation is there for namesake. The covetous private protection individuals consistently attempt to expand their benefits which will build the opposition among the private protection agents instead of at the degree of sicknesses and medicines. The unfortunate rivalry among the social insurance protection individuals really prevents the rights from securing the patients. Insurance agencies can impact the specialists who treat the patients. Pulled in by the offers and guarantees gave by the insurance agencies, specialists may not recommend costly meds or treatment alternatives for the patients who have taken private protection. In this way unfortunate rivalry among protection suppliers may bring about patients getting insufficient consideration regardless of whether they have the protection insurance. â€Å"Some boss gatherings advocate ‘system to system’ rivalry, in which doctors are compelled to focus on some shut system. This really constrains rivalry at the degree of illnesses and treatments† (Enthoven and Tollen, 2005).â â

Significance of the Court Case of Gideon v. Wainwright

Essentialness of the Court Case of Gideon v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright was contended on January 15, 1963 and settled on March 18, 1963. Realities of Gideon v. Wainwright Clarence Earl Gideon was blamed for taking from the Bay Harbor Pool Room in Panama City, Florida on June 3, 1961. At the point when he requested a court named counsel, he was denied this in light of the fact that as per Florida law, court delegated counsel was just given on account of a capital offense. He spoke to himself, was seen as liable, and was sent to jail for a long time. Quick Facts: Gideon v. Wainwright Case Argued: Jan. 15, 1963Decision Issued: March 18, 1963Petitioner: Clarence Earl GideonRespondent: Louie L. Wainwright, Director, Division of CorrectionsKey Question: Does the Sixth Amendments option to advise in criminal cases reach out to lawful offense litigants in state courts?Majority Decision: Justices Black, Warren, Brennan, Stewart, White, Goldberg, Clark, Harlan, DouglasDissenting: NoneRuling: The Supreme Court decided that under the Sixth Amendment, states mustâ provide a lawyer to any respondents in criminal cases who can't bear the cost of their own lawyers. While in jail, Gideon concentrated in the library and arranged a manually written Writ of Certiorari that he sent to the United States Supreme Court asserting that he had been denied his Sixth Amendment right to a lawyer: In every single criminal indictment, the charged will appreciate the privilege to a fast and open preliminary, by a fair-minded jury of the State and region wherein the wrongdoing will have been carried out, which region will have been recently found out by law, and to be educated regarding the nature and reason for the allegation; to be gone up against with the observers against him; to have mandatory procedure for getting observers in support of him, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his resistance. (Italics Added) The Supreme Court drove by Chief Justice Earl Warren consented to hear the case. They alloted Gideon a future Supreme Court equity, Abe Fortas, to be his lawyer. Fortas was a conspicuous Washington DC lawyer. He effectively contended Gideons case, and the Supreme Court collectively controlled in Gideons favor. It sent his case back to Florida to be retried with benefitâ of an open lawyer. Five months after the Supreme Court administering, Gideon was retried. During the retrial, his lawyer, W. Fred Turner, had the option to show that the main observer against Gideon was conceivably one of the posts for the theft itself. After just a single hours pondering, the jury saw Gideon not as liable. This noteworthy decision was deified in 1980 when Henry Fonda assumed the job of Clarence Earl Gideon in the film Gideons Trumpet. Abe Fortas was depicted by Josã © Ferrer and Chief Justice Earl Warren was played by John Houseman. Hugeness of Gideon v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright overruled the past choice of Betts v. Brady (1942). For this situation, Smith Betts, a ranch specialist in Maryland had requested advice to speak to him for a burglary case. Similarly as with Gideon, this privilege was denied him in light of the fact that the province of Maryland would not give lawyers aside from in capital case. The Supreme Court chose by a 6-3 choice that a privilege to a selected insight was not required in all cases all together for a person to get a reasonable preliminary and fair treatment in state preliminaries. It was fundamentally surrendered over to each state to choose when it would give open guidance. Equity Hugo Black disagreed and composed the sentiment that on the off chance that you were needy you had an expanded possibility of conviction. In Gideon, the court expressed that the privilege to a lawyer was a principal right ​for a reasonable preliminary. They expressed that because of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, all states would be required to give counsel in criminal cases. This critical case made the requirement for extra open protectors. Projects were created in states around the nation to help enroll and train open protectors. Today, the quantity of cases guarded by open protectors is gigantic. For instance, in 2011 in Miami Dade County, the biggest of the 20 Florida Circuit Courts, roughly 100,000 cases were alloted to Public Defenders.

On The Border Secured With Two Essay Sample Questions

On The Border Secured With Two Essay Sample QuestionsIf I were president of the United States, I would no longer allow for chain migration. Chain migration would be gone. It was an invention of congress to make life easier for employers in admitting foreigners who came to the United States under family oriented programs to be able to become citizens.Chain migration is where one spouse of a person immigrating to the United States becomes a citizen so they and their family can remain in America. This has taken place with that spouse becoming a citizen and then their children are brought to the United States as well. Of course this has caused a conundrum for us with regards to securing our borders. If the spouse of an immigrant commits a crime, does it still count against them as their children?For security interests, it is not wise to allow anyone to immigrate to America if they are not going to be able to be loyal to the United States. There are certain laws that limit the number of p eople that can immigrate to the United States every year. If we allow any type of chain migration, any individuals that have come in and out of the country will soon outnumber us.So, if we want to have borders secured, we will need to develop more programs for immigrants, so they are rewarded for coming here. How do we accomplish this? I propose we start doing the type of special programs that are offered by places like Finland. These programs are geared towards helping new immigrants are assimilated to our society.Many foreign students get caught up in their culture and go to work long hours for minimum wage, and at the end of the day they never see their families again. They take the United States and turn it into a second home, many of them using welfare in order to support their families.Well, what we should do is create a special educational program that would help those immigrant families realize that we are their home and they should support themselves. At the same time, our government can help these immigrants become Americans by providing opportunities to them that would also provide jobs for us in their industries.For example, one of the aspects of immigration policy that will require a lot of work is to help people learn English. Foreign students, especially those who are here for economic reasons, should learn English. They need to be involved in programs that help them understand our culture and our language.If we do not want to be overrun with immigrants from other countries, we must have a policy that would restrict immigration to a point where we are open for business. That is not necessarily a high number. We can work toward an equitable immigration policy for us and our foreign visitors so that we do not have to endure the tyranny of chain migration.

Obesity A Media Created Epidemic Essays - 698 Words

What? Me worry? - - Alfred E. Neuman Is obesity really a serious health concern or is the â€Å"epidemic† merely a result of highly fabricated, misleading ideas of politicians and the media? The article, Obesity: An Overblown Epidemic? By W. Wayt Gibbs featured in the May 23, 2005 edition of Scientific America, raises this question. Most health experts and average people believe that obesity is one of the most prevalent health concerns today, resulting in increased risk for other major health issues; such as; heart disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer, and the chance for early loss of life. However, other researchers are suggesting that the consequences of being overweight are being blown out of proportion. Naturally, they do†¦show more content†¦Gibbs also quotes Katherine M. Flegal, a research scientist at the CDC, as saying â€Å"underweight, even though it occurs in only a tiny fraction of the population is actually associated with more excess deaths than class I obesity.† On the contrary, auth ors S. Jay Olshansky and David B. Allison, insist that the continual rise in life expectancy would eventually cease due to obesity related deaths. In addition, media and news correspondents reported that obesity could cut short a life by up to five years. Gibbs states that to come to their conclusions, Olshansky and Allison used research that was outdated and did not reflect any of the modern medical therapies. When it comes to the topic of obesity, most experts and critics will readily agree that it can lead to more severe health issues. Where the agreement usually ends, however, is on how much obesity really contributes to illnesses, such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Whereas some are convinced that obesity is a major cause in such diseases, others maintain that it is only one factor, of many, that lead to other diseases. As for heart disease, experts recognize that it is more common in overweight people than people in a healthy weight range; however, they have noticed a drop in the occurrences of high blood pressure and cholesterol. Also, the decline was more drastic in overweight people versus those with a healthy weight. In contrast, other researchers suggest that being fat is just anShow MoreRelatedMedia Influences on Childhood Obesity 1272 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology. Today our society has created the perception to children that without the latest technology they are not ‘cool’ or even worse poor. Kids then beg their parents for updated technology in order to fit in. Face it even adults these days need the latest technology to stay updated with their work. The routine of most children that come home from school is eat, watch tv, see some more commercials on food and video games and continue the awful habit they’ve created. The urge to play outside or getRead MoreThe Topic Of Body Weight1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of body weight in America is a sociopolitical phenomena with multiple, often conflicting perspectiv es. Some refer to the issue of obesity as an epidemic, highlighting social and political solutions to redress the consequences of weight-gain amongst U.S. citizens. Others point to the socially constructed nature of bodies and the meanings surrounding them. These scholars argue that the idealized bodily form is projected to glorify hegemonic standards of health and beauty, which operate accordingRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Obesity Epidemic is a topic widely studied and mentioned in several contexts’ both medical and social. Obesity is described by Boero (2012) to have exploded in meaning Post- World War II to be more than a â€Å"physical flaw.† Weight concern became an idea that debuted in magazines mainly targeting women and emphasizing â€Å"natural thinness.† The disappearance of the normally worn â€Å"corset† and popularization of the typical 1920’s â€Å"boy catching† flapper, increased the p roduction of diet products and theRead MoreEssay on Greg Cristers quot;Too Much of a Good Thingquot;993 Words   |  4 PagesThing Greg Crister, the author of the op-ed essay that was featured in the Los Angeles Times, Too Much of a Good Thing, argues that in order to stop obesity, we should stigmatize overeating. Crister states that we should place shame on overeating due to the rising obesity epidemic that faces the world today. The U.N. proclaims that obesity is a dominant unmet global health issue, with Westernized countries topping the list. Crister states that twenty five percent of all Americans under theRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity1133 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has always been a topic that many have had due to the increase attention it has received. Across America, there has been a lot of attention on the obesity epidemic. In America and the inner cities, more people are eating meals away from home in addition to consuming larger portions from fast food restaurants. At this rate, gaining weight is the likely outcome. High energy dense food has become convenient and affordable. Fast food is almost everywhere in America and, contributes to the growingRead MoreEssay on Outline for Speech1256 Words   |  6 Pages Title: Child Obesity, a â€Å"Growing† Concern Topic: Most Prevalent Causes of Obesity in the U.S. Specific Purpose: To educate the audience on the key causes of the increasing obesity rate in the U.S. among adults, but especially among youth. Thesis Statement: The main contributors to obesity among adults, but mostly among youth are environmental factors, lack of choosing nutritious meals, portion distortion and the factor that fuels all of these, advertising media. INTRODUCTION Read MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States is the second most obese country in the world. Obesity is accounted for 10 percent of all deaths in the U.S. Obesity is becoming so sever that people are beginning to believe that it is a disease. The definition of disease is â€Å" Disease decreases life expectancy and impairs the normal functioning of the body.† Obesity is reported as an â€Å"epidemic† because of the continuous increase in rates each year. Obesity is argued to be a preventable risk factor for other diseases and conditionsRead MoreEssay about Advertising and Obesity1695 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.[2] According to data from the Center for Disease Control (CDC), during the years between1988 and 1994, 45.3% of American white males and females, 60.1% of black males and females, and 64.5% of Hispanic male s and females were obese.[3] Since obesity has been rising at an epidemic rate during the past 20 years in the United States, reducing its prevalence among adults to less than 15% has becomeRead MoreHealthy Choices for Better Living Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesDoes the media truly influence and play and key role in childhood obesity? Can we hold the media responsible for our food purchases and meals that we as a society choose to provide our children? Certainly there are a multitude of influences in the media and yes, they are geared toward our children. Commercials ran during children’s programming appeal to our youth with catchy jingles, bright colors and actors promoting these products that portray popular characters on our children’s favorite showsRead MoreObesity Is A Problem That Is Faced Amongst Many Individuals Across The World Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity is a problem that is faced amongst many individuals across the world. Obesity is a serious health and societal issue that is rising at extreme rates, some may call it an epidemic in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a global problem, with almost 30 percent of people globally are now either obese or overweight which is affecting an estimate of 2.1 billion people worldwide and it’s prevalence in the recent decade had a rapid increase. It’s a well-known fact that the odds

Outlook On Kenyan Development Kenya - 941 Words

Outlook on Kenyan Development Kenya is a third world country in Eastern Africa, with bright opportunities to develop into an african superpower. They have been a state since 1963 and before Kenya was independent, they were apart of the British Empire. Kenya’s capital is Nairobi, which also happens to be the center of industrial activities and the economy. Kenya’s development appears to be heading in a good direction as their GDP is rising, as well as their population to furthermore expand the economy. Although most people are working in agriculture the country is beginning to become more industrialized to boost the economy. The Republic of Kenya is a growing and expanding country with a positive outlook which could make them a powerhouse of the economy and change in Africa. Kenya has recently agreed to a deal with South Korea that will boost their economy significantly and contribute to the necessary food security of the people. They will be given 5 billion Kenyan shillings, about 50 million USD, to help with food security from South Korea. South Korea will help Kenya further along in development by helping to expand and secure needs of the Kenyan people, â€Å"Kenya had signed pacts with South Korea which will help it become an economic, industrial, and technological powerhouse in the region.† (Mukami). Kenya’s economic development will help boost various parts of the country’s essential ways of helping life. Given the extra money they’ll be able to add infrastructure, secureShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Uganda And Uganda Are Neighbours892 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Kenya and Uganda are neighbours. They are all within East Africa together with Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan. Even though they are within the same region; their development status in agriculture, industrialization, democracy, health, and education economies differ greatly. Discussion: Uganda: Uganda has considerably natural resources. These include fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently they discovered oil. AgricultureRead MoreKenyan Golfers And The Mental Performance On The International Stage Essay7147 Words   |  29 PagesKENYAN GOLFERS AND THE MENTAL PERFORMANCE ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE KENYAN GOLFERS AND THE MENTAL PERFORMANCE ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE Kagwe Kibugu United States International University – Africa This Senior Project Research Paper has been submitted to, and approved by, my Senior Project advisor, Dr Simeon Sungi , in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Arts (Psychology) degree requirements. KENYAN PROFESSIONALRead MoreNariobis Vehicle Pollution1587 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Lack of Public Transportation Kenya, like many other developing countries in Africa, is experiencing a rapid growth of urbanization. Many cities and towns have grown in population size and have also expanded spatially to form huge metropolitan regions. The rapid urbanization also generates a lot of economic and environmental problems and challenges. Nairobi is one such metropolitan region that follows this trend in Kenya. With the demand for cars in Kenya rising every day, so is the level ofRead MoreBasic Elements Of A Countrys Economy2507 Words   |  11 Pagesthan people in Kenya. In 2015, Kenya’s Balance of Trade was $-10.1 billion while in the US it was $-759.3 billion. Kenya is importing more than it is exporting as is the US. In 2014, Kenya’s Government Debt was 48.6% of GDP while the US’s was 74.4% of GDP. Both Kenya and the US have high government debt. In 2015, Kenya’s rate of inflation was 6.6% while the US’s was 0.1%. High inflation means rising prices and on increas ing cost of living. It discourages purchasing. People in Kenya are facing theRead MoreParticipation Of A Democratic System Of Governance1575 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent events and democratic transitions. Objectives To train the youth to actively participate in elective position and governance To increase the number of youths registering as political party members To promote youth-friendly community-based development planning exercises in a participative and inclusive manner (youth advisory boards) To encourage the youths be agent of change in good governance and accountability Scope of the Problem Decreasing levels of youth participation in elections and shrinkingRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation1649 Words   |  7 Pagesare able to carry out assigned roles such as child bearing. The practice is also considered to help curb a female’s sexual drive and respect the traditional heritage of the community through moral standards. (Robertson, C. 1996) Statistics from the Kenyan NGO, ‘Maendeleo Ya Wanawake’ (MYWO) stated that in 2009, 24% of Masaai women who were mutilated cited social acceptance as the fundamental reason for undergoing the procedure, 16% cited reasons such as preserving virginity until marriage and 9% wantedRead MorePestal Analysis of Safaricom Ltd7289 Words   |  30 Pagesworld class GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) service to over 16 million subscribers in Kenya. The company was formed in 1997 as a fully owned subsidiary of Telkom Kenya. In May 2000, Vodafone group Plc, the world’s largest Telecommunication company acquired a 40% stake and management responsibility for the company. Safaricoms aim is to remain the leading Mobile Network Operator in Kenya and has the ambition to become the best company in Africa. In order to achieve this, a strong focusRead MoreEast African Breweries : Company Profile Essay4935 Words   |  20 PagesNairobi Stock Exchange, and is cross-listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange and Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchanges (EABL, 2015). EABL has a well-structured management with qualified top officials. Charles Ireland is the Group MD CEO, Jane Karuku is the MD Kenya Breweries Limited, Julie Adell-Owino is the Group Corporate Relations Director, Mark Ocitti Ongom is the MD for EABL international, Nyimplini Mabunda is the MD Uganda Breweries Limited, Paul Kasimu is the Group HR director, Peter Vogtlander is theRead MoreThe Implication of Paulo Freires Banking Concept to the 8.4.4 System of Education in Kenya9634 Words   |  39 PagesAN EXAMINATION OF PAULO FREIRE’S BANKING CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE KENYAN EDUCATION SYSTEM. MASTERS PROPOSAL PRESENTED BY: OTIENO PHOEBE KISII UNIVERSITY COLLEGE JULY 2011 AN EXAMINATION OF PAULO FREIRE’S BANKING CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE KENYAN EDUCATION SYSTEM. BY OTIENO PHOEBE A MASTERS IN EDUCATION (MED) PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Read MoreDreams from My Father Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesa diverse background, which he explores throughout the book. Having a white American mother and black Kenyan father, he has a different experience than the majority of people in society when it comes to race and identity, however still it seems similar to the experience of many blacks as described in William E. Cross’s Black Psychological theory, the Nigresence Model of Racial Identity Development. While Obama’s experience does not necessarily occur in chronological order according to Cross’s model

Contemporary Education Support The Learning Requirements...

Contemporary Education: A Need to Modify Educational Standards to Support the Learning Requirements of Introverted and Extroverted Students Equally. Many societies have been trained to listen and relate to the louder voice, and respond to dominant behavior demonstrated by an individual; often named a leader. Humans possess the innate ability to respond to the output stimulus of their environment, specifically other people; therefore, the greater the stimulus, the greater reaction. Humans tend to associate dominant behaviors with authority figures or leaders. This model of organized human behavior often leaves the quiet individuals in a crowd unheard; their thoughts and solutions are rarely heard or mentioned. Their ideas are perceived as†¦show more content†¦Contemporary educational systems derived from the late 19th century advocate learning practices and environments that support the success of extroverted students, while disregarding the significance of the independent learning proficiencies and methods of introverted students. Carl Jung, a Swiss, psychologist, began his professional career 1900; starting out as an assistant to Eugen Bleuler at the University of Zurich where he focused much of research on the unconscious mind and its parameters that he labeled as â€Å"complexes† (â€Å"Carl Gustav Jung†). In 1916, Jung published his finding â€Å"Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,† and â€Å"Psychological Types,† which described psychological typology, where the terms of: extro- and introversion originate (â€Å"Carl Gustav Jung†). Jung’s â€Å"Red Book,† a compilation of his works his regarded as â€Å"one of the most important publications of modern psychology† (â€Å"Carl Gustav Jung†). Carl Jung had a significant impact on psychological research, which was explained in further detail by the implementation of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers formulated a detailed extension of Jung’s theory of psychological types in 1943; the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator or, MBTI. The instrument is an assessment of 16 general possible personality combinations

Boxing Mastery Advanced Technique Tactics And Strategies free essay sample

Fitness boxing removes the bumps and bruises and glosses over the hard-core approach to a fighters training program. The result is a toothless bastardization of a noble sport. I understand the urge and visceral attraction to becoming fit by going though the motions that rule tough human beings perform. But most of these workout books are pale imitations of the real thing and poorly represent the sweet science. These contemporary volumes may show you some punches and a few combinations, but they have removed the science from the sweet science.With the exception of the two fine volumes by Doug Werner and Alan Lactic, Boxers Start-JP and Fighting Fit (Tracks Publishing) you will find little to nothing in print that covers the deceptive tactics, strategies and advanced maneuverings of the fight game. Boxing Mastery reintroduces the scientific and strategic beauty f the sport above fitness and slugging. I seek to put the brain back into the athlete who wants to use his entire body to best effect. We will write a custom essay sample on Boxing Mastery Advanced Technique Tactics And Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This book is intended for the fighter who already knows the basics.If you are a novice, there is much to be learned here, but urge you to take a look at the two boxing titles listed in the Resources section as well as the recommended video instruction. Boxing Mastery is intended to be a source book of strategies and tactics for the real boxer -? the individual who wants to take the sport beyond a trendy cardiac activity and test his mettle with an actual opponent. You will not find every tactic and tip ever accrued in the ring between these covers.That would call for a much larger volume-You will find plenty to mull over, whether youre green to the ring or have pro fights to your credit Training equipment, conditioning, speed bag work, double-end bag tips, maize ball drills, repossessing, polymeric exercises and the like are not included here. My primary task is to enlighten the fighter in the realm of ring generalship. And generalship it is. For boxing is more than survival of the fittest It is a game of conditioned reflex action, desert active exception and coordinated, exquisitely articulated physical combat.Indeed, boxing is a science-And a sweet one at that. 8 Lead and rear hands a special note Probably a first in the annals of boxing books, both fighters in this book (Mark Watchmaker and Gory Hays) are southpaws. No problem. Right and left leads will get the same benefit from this guide because hands are labeled lead and rear, not right or left. Read the material and as you look at the photos, adjust according to your preference. 9 10 1 The training continuum There is a ton Of information in these pages. If you are an experienced fighter, feel free to ump in anywhere.I recommend the novice start at the beginning and work through the end of the book. No matter your skill level, I recommend you take each technique or tactic and work it through the following training continuum to ensure that the information is deeply seated into your nervous system. Mirror training know it is tempting to take a new idea and run immediately to the heavy bag or get in front of an opponent, but the most important piece of equipment you can own is a full; length mirror. The mirror is absolutely the best tool for self-correction. By working before a mirror, you provide your own dieback about your movement, technique and guard. Is as tight, fluid and powerful as need be? Work everything in front of the mirror -? footwork, offense, defense and upper body movement. Keep this fact in mind: If it anti right in front of the mirror, it mint goanna be right invaders else. The training continuum Equipment training After youve honed your tools in front of the mirror, it is time to apply them to solid targets. Take the selected technique or tactic and apply it to the training apparatus that will best accomplish the desired result.In other words, select the device that will roved the most realistic feedback for that particular tool. In broad strokes, (there are exceptions) use the heehaw bag for working power, the double-end bag for timing and accuracy, the maize bag for defense, slip-sticks for upper-body mobility and so on-With this information in mind, choose wisely. Partner/coach drills This vital step in the continuum allows you to stand before a live opponent who is either gloved up himself or outfitted with focus mitts. At this point in the game you are not sparring yet, but working the designated tool or tactic in isolation, preferably in real time.Counterpoising drills This is a complex aspect of the continuum that requires much forethought It is an absolutely vital step in moving the fighter from being only a puncher into a boxer. Situation and isolation sparring Here you finally work with an opponent, but you are not slinging leather with abandon. You and your partner agree on ground rules that limit the usual boxing game in order to emphasize the tool or tactic to be drilled. For example, to improve your clinching skills, you may have your partner spar an inside fight while you attempt to muffle his attack and clinch as he 12 Chapter 1 attempts to stave off your clinch.Once the fight moves to the outside, you agree to bring the fight ba ck to the inside range. Sparring Now all bets are off. You and your opponent are each trying to hone individual games while trying to best each other. Its the ultimate goal of the boxing game, but I cannot stress enough the necessity of moving through the previous five steps before considering the sixth step. 13 14 2 Stances and guards Its not readily apparent, but there are varieties of stances in boxing. Each stance is or Was designed to emphasize a particular offensive or defensive mint or to make the most of a particular fighters build.In this section, we will introduce six guards. Ideally, you will select the stance that feels best for you and work from there. I recommend a nodding familiarity with variations of your primary guard so that you can be effective if you find yourself faked into an awkward position or you choose to use an unorthodox guard to bait or confuse an opponent. My preference, the classic guard, will be used as the demonstration stance throughout this book, although the material will work with any of the guards presented. Stances and guards Classic guard ; Picture yourself standing on a clock face.Left lead fighters stand with their left foot at 11 oclock and their right foot tat oclock. Right lead fighters stand with their right foot at 2 oclock and their left foot at 8 oclock. Your feet are approximately shoulder width apart with weight carried equally between the two feet. Your toes face forward with only the slightest inside turn of the toes of the lead foot. ; You feel your weight through the balls of your feet without actually being on your toes. 16 Your knees are slightly bent for fluid movement. Chapter 2 Hands are up. The rear fist touches the rear side of the jaw.The lead fist is held at the level of the lead shoulder, extended approximately one foot in front of that shoulder. Keep your elbows parallel and not flared into an inverted letter V. Keep your chin down toward the sternum. Keep your shoulders up for jaw protection. Noted proponents of the classic guard style were Gene Tunney and Sugar Ray Robinson. 17 Peek-a-boo guard ; This is a variation of the classic guard made famous by trainer Cuss tomato and Floyd Patterson. Only the differences from the previous guard are addressed. The crouch is a bit deeper to shield more of the body.